HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that negatively impacts the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells) that aid in the immune system's battle against infections.
HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids like breast milk, vaginal and rectal fluids, blood, and semen. Although incurable, with proper treatment, individuals can manage and live with HIV for many years.
AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV, but not everyone with HIV progresses to AIDS.
AIDS is characterised by severe damage to the immune system, leaving the individual vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS within a decade, and the average life expectancy after diagnosis is three years, potentially shorter if complications arise.
Early HIV infection may present flu-like symptoms, but individuals can remain asymptomatic for years. As HIV progresses to AIDS, symptoms can include persistent fever, weight loss, chronic diarrhoea, and opportunistic infections.
HIV does not get transmitted through: Kissing, hugging, shaking hands, sharing personal objects and sharing food or water.
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for HIV. It helps control the virus, maintain immune function, and prevent progression to AIDS.
There is currently no cure for HIV, but effective treatment allows individuals to lead relatively normal lives.